plot.zoo {zoo} | R Documentation |
Plotting method for objects of class "zoo"
.
## S3 method for class 'zoo': plot(x, y = NULL, screens, plot.type, panel = lines, xlab = "Index", ylab = NULL, main = NULL, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, xy.labels = FALSE, xy.lines = NULL, oma = c(6, 0, 5, 0), mar = c(0, 5.1, 0, 2.1), col = 1, lty = 1, lwd = 1, pch = 1, type = "l", nc, widths = 1, heights = 1, ...) ## S3 method for class 'zoo': lines(x, y = NULL, type = "l", ...) ## S3 method for class 'zoo': points(x, y = NULL, type = "p", ...)
x |
an object of class "zoo" . |
y |
an object of class "zoo" . If y is NULL
(the default) a time series plot of x is produced, otherwise
if both x and y are univariate "zoo" series, a
scatter plot of y versus x is produced. |
screens |
factor (or coerced to factor) whose levels specify which
graph each series is to be plotted in. screens=c(1,2,1)
would plot series 1, 2 and 3 in graphs 1, 2 and 1. If not specified
then 1 is used if plot.type="single" and seq_len(ncol(x))
otherwise. |
plot.type |
for multivariate zoo objects, "multiple" plots the
series on multiple plots and "single" superimposes them on a single
plot. Default is "single" if screens has only one level and
"multiple" otherwise. If neither screens nor
plot.type is specified then "single"
is used if there is one series and "mulitple" otherwise. This
option is provided for back compatibility. Usually screens is
used instead. |
panel |
a function(x, y, col, lty, ...) which gives the
action to be carried out in each panel of the display for
plot.type = "multiple" . |
ylim |
if plot.type = "multiple" then it can be a list of
y axis limits. If not a list each graph has the same limits.
If any list element is not a pair then its range is used instead. If
plot.type = "single" then it is as in plot . |
xy.labels |
logical, indicating if text labels should be
used in the scatter plot, or character, supplying a vector of labels to be used. |
xy.lines |
logical, indicating if lines should be drawn in
the scatter plot. Defaults to the value of xy.labels if that is
logical, otherwise to FALSE . |
xlab, ylab, main, xlim, oma, mar |
graphical arguments, see par . |
col, lty, lwd, pch, type |
graphical arguments that can be vectors or (named) lists. See the details for more information. |
nc |
the number of columns to use when plot.type = "multiple" .
Defaults to 1 for up to 4 series, otherwise to 2 . |
widths, heights |
widths and heights for individual graphs, see
layout . |
... |
additional graphical arguments. |
The methods for plot
and lines
are very similar
to the corresponding ts
methods. However, the handling of
several graphical parameters is more flexible for multivariate series.
These parameters can be vectors of the same length as the number of
series plotted or are recycled if shorter. They can also be (partially)
named list, e.g., list(A = c(1,2), c(3,4))
in which c(3, 4)
is the default value and c(1, 2)
the value only for series A
.
The screens
argument can be specified in a similar way.
If plot.type
and screens
conflict then multiple plots
will be assumed. Also see the examples.
In the case of a custom panel the panel can reference
parent.frame$panel.number
in order to determine which
frame the panel is being called from. See examples.
par(mfrow=...)
and Axis
can be used in conjunction with
single panel plots in the same way as with other classic graphics.
For multi-panel graphics, plot.zoo
takes over the layout so
par(mfrow=...)
cannot be used. Axis
can be used within
the panels themselves but not outside the panel. See examples.
In addition to classical time series line plots, there is also a
simple barplot
method for "zoo"
series.
zoo
, plot.ts
, barplot
,
xyplot.zoo
## example dates x.Date <- as.Date(paste(2003, 02, c(1, 3, 7, 9, 14), sep = "-")) ## univariate plotting x <- zoo(rnorm(5), x.Date) x2 <- zoo(rnorm(5, sd = 0.2), x.Date) plot(x) lines(x2, col = 2) ## multivariate plotting z <- cbind(x, x2, zoo(rnorm(5, sd = 0.5), x.Date)) plot(z, type = "b", pch = 1:3, col = 1:3, ylab = list(expression(mu), "b", "c")) colnames(z) <- LETTERS[1:3] plot(z, screens = 1, col = list(B = 2)) plot(z, type = "b", pch = 1:3, col = 1:3) plot(z, type = "b", pch = list(A = 1:5, B = 3), col = list(C = 4, 2)) plot(z, type = "b", screen = c(1,2,1), col = 1:3) # right axis is for broken lines plot(x) opar <- par(usr = c(par("usr")[1:2], range(x2))) lines(x2, lty = 2) # axis(4) axis(side = 4) par(opar) ## Custom x axis labelling using a custom panel. # 1. test data z <- zoo(c(21, 34, 33, 41, 39, 38, 37, 28, 33, 40), as.Date(c("1992-01-10", "1992-01-17", "1992-01-24", "1992-01-31", "1992-02-07", "1992-02-14", "1992-02-21", "1992-02-28", "1992-03-06", "1992-03-13"))) zz <- merge(a = z, b = z+10) # 2. axis tick for every point. Also every 3rd point labelled. my.panel <- function(x, y, ..., pf = parent.frame()) { fmt <- "%b-%d" # format for axis labels lines(x, y, ...) # if bottom panel if (with(pf, length(panel.number) == 0 || panel.number %% nr == 0 || panel.number == nser)) { # create ticks at x values and then label every third tick axis(side = 1, at = x, labels = FALSE) ix <- seq(1, length(x), 3) labs <- format(x, fmt) axis(side = 1, at = x[ix], labels = labs[ix], tcl = -0.7, cex.axis = 0.7) } } # 3. plot plot(zz, panel = my.panel, xaxt = "n") # with a single panel plot a fancy x-axis is just the same # procedure as for the ordinary plot command plot(zz, screen = 1, col = 1:2, xaxt = "n") # axis(1, at = time(zz), labels = FALSE) tt <- time(zz) axis(side = 1, at = tt, labels = FALSE) ix <- seq(1, length(tt), 3) fmt <- "%b-%d" # format for axis labels labs <- format(tt, fmt) # axis(1, at = time(zz)[ix], labels = labs[ix], tcl = -0.7, cex.axis = 0.7) axis(side = 1, at = tt[ix], labels = labs[ix], tcl = -0.7, cex.axis = 0.7) legend("bottomright", colnames(zz), lty = 1, col = 1:2) ## plot a mulitple ts series with nice x-axis using panel function tab <- ts(cbind(A = 1:24, B = 24:1), start = c(2006, 1), freq = 12) pnl.xaxis <- function(...) { lines(...) panel.number <- parent.frame()$panel.number nser <- parent.frame()$nser # if bottom panel if (!length(panel.number) || panel.number == nser) { tt <- list(...)[[1]] ym <- as.yearmon(tt) mon <- as.numeric(format(ym, "%m")) yy <- format(ym, "%y") mm <- substring(month.abb[mon], 1, 1) if (any(mon == 1)) # axis(1, tt[mon == 1], yy[mon == 1], cex.axis = 0.7) axis(side = 1, at = tt[mon == 1], labels = yy[mon == 1], cex.axis = 0.7) # axis(1, tt[mon > 1], mm[mon > 1], cex.axis = 0.5, tcl = -0.3) axis(side = 1, at = tt[mon > 1], labels = mm[mon > 1], cex.axis = 0.5, tcl = -0.3) } } plot(as.zoo(tab), panel = pnl.xaxis, xaxt = "n", main = "Fancy X Axis") ## Another example with a custom axis # test data z <- zoo(matrix(1:25, 5), c(10,11,20,21)) colnames(z) <- letters[1:5] plot(zoo(coredata(z)), xaxt = "n", panel = function(x, y, ..., Time = time(z)) { lines(x, y, ...) # if bottom panel pf <- parent.frame() if (with(pf, panel.number %% nr == 0 || panel.number == nser)) { axis(side = 1, at = x, labels = Time) } }) ## plot with left and right axes ## modified from http://www.mayin.org/ajayshah/KB/R/html/g6.html set.seed(1) z <- zoo(cbind(A = cumsum(rnorm(100)), B = cumsum(rnorm(100, mean = 0.2)))) opar <- par(mai = c(.8, .8, .2, .8)) plot(z[,1], type = "l", xlab = "x-axis label", ylab = colnames(z)[1]) par(new = TRUE) plot(z[,2], type = "l", ann = FALSE, yaxt = "n", col = "blue") # axis(4) axis(side = 4) legend(x = "topleft", bty = "n", lty = c(1,1), col = c("black", "blue"), legend = paste(colnames(z), c("(left scale)", "(right scale)"))) usr <- par("usr") # if you don't care about srt= in text then mtext is shorter: # mtext(colnames(z)[2], 4, 2, col = "blue") text(usr[2] + .1 * diff(usr[1:2]), mean(usr[3:4]), colnames(z)[2], srt = -90, xpd = TRUE, col = "blue") par(opar) # automatically placed point labels ## Not run: library("maptools") pointLabel(time(z), coredata(z[,2]), labels = format(time(z)), cex = 0.5) ## End(Not run) ## plot one zoo series against the other. plot(x, x2) plot(x, x2, xy.labels = TRUE) plot(x, x2, xy.labels = 1:5, xy.lines = FALSE) ## shade a portion of a plot and make axis fancier v <- zooreg(rnorm(50), start = as.yearmon(2004), freq = 12) plot(v, type = "n") u <- par("usr") rect(as.yearmon("2007-8"), u[3], as.yearmon("2009-11"), u[4], border = 0, col = "grey") lines(v) axis(1, floor(time(v)), labels = FALSE, tcl = -1) ## shade certain times to show recessions, etc. v <- zooreg(rnorm(50), start = as.yearmon(2004), freq = 12) plot(v, type = "n") u <- par("usr") rect(as.yearmon("2007-8"), u[3], as.yearmon("2009-11"), u[4], border = 0, col = "grey") lines(v) axis(1, floor(time(v)), labels = FALSE, tcl = -1) ## barplot x <- zoo(cbind(rpois(5, 2), rpois(5, 3)), x.Date) barplot(x, beside = TRUE) ## 3d plot ## The persp function in R (not part of zoo) works with zoo objects. ## The following example is by Enrico Schumann. ## https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-finance/2009q1/003710.html nC <- 10 # columns nO <- 100 # observations dataM <- array(runif(nC * nO), dim=c(nO, nC)) zz <- zoo(dataM, 1:nO) persp(1:nO, 1:nC, zz) # interactive plotting ## Not run: library("TeachingDemos") tke.test1 <- list(Parameters = list( pch = list("spinbox", init = 1, from = 0, to = 255, width = 5), cex = list("slider", init = 1.5, from = 0.1, to = 5, resolution = 0.1), type = list("combobox", init = "b", values = c("p", "l", "b", "o", "c", "h", "s", "S", "n"), width = 5), lwd = list("spinbox", init = 1, from = 0, to = 5, increment = 1, width = 5), lty = list("spinbox", init = 1, from = 0, to = 6, increment = 1, width = 5) )) z <- zoo(rnorm(25)) tkexamp(plot(z), tke.test1, plotloc = "top") ## End(Not run)